C, The shape of true lateral view in 10° outward axial rotation. B, The shape of true lateral view in a neutral position.
A, The shape of true lateral view in 10° inward rotation. External auditory canal, eye brows, eye lashes, Cupid’s bow. ★, key structures to decide axial head rotation. TN, tragus posterior border(T) to nasion(N). TP, tragus posterior border (T) to pronasale (P anterior border of nasal tip). TC, tragus posterior border (T) to corneal anterior border (C). True lateral photograph for TC/TP ratio measurement. Using images displayed on a monitor screen, the lengths of TC and TP were indicated using a graphic program, Adobe Illustrator (Adobe Systems Inc., San Jose, Calif.), and the ratio of TP to TC was indicated as a percentage (%). Furthermore, because slight changes in the magnification of a lens or the distance between the camera lens and face makes it impossible to measure actual lengths in images taken using a general camera, only the ratio of 2 lengths (TC and TP) was compared. Because our surgery included nasal tip projection, TN was not indicated. The distance between T and nasion (N) was TN, and it increased following dorsal augmentation. In contrast, the distance between the tragus posterior border (T) and pronasale (P anterior border of nasal tip) was indicated as TP, and it increased with nasal tip projection. This distance rarely changed because of rhinoplasty. (Fig.2 2).įor 2 points with clear borders on the images, the tragus posterior border (T) and the cornea anterior border (C) were selected as structures that do not change due to surgery, and the distance between the 2 was indicated as TC on the true lateral views (Fig. Another difference is that the barbed threads have radially split ends to minimize thread extrusion under pressure (Fig. Although the barbs used in the present study may seem to be similar to the existing ones, their inclinations are arranged in opposite directions thus, the thread axis has the effect of anticompression rather than antitension (Fig. This produces an antitension effect that prevents tissues from moving apart again. These barbs are fixed by being hooked to tissues. In conventional barbed threads, 2 points within tissues are pulled close to each other, whereas inclined barbs are arranged to face each other from each side with the central part of the thread as the center. 1 In 1990, Sulamanidze and Sulamanidze 2 first used barbed threads for performing facelifts. Barbed threads were also used for tendon repairs in 1951. The barbs are caught by fibers within tissues and thus can immediately attach. In addition, experts also need to notify the above side effects and solutions in advance to ensure safe and satisfactory procedures for their patients.Barbed threads have a structure in which barbs are attached to monofilament suture threads. It is recommended to consult with experts in the field for the implementation of this procedure. Chronic inflammatory reactions in the thread-lifting area, as identified in the authors' case, are an infrequent complication. Fortunately, these reactions are predominantly mild to moderate in intensity, and can be corrected by a relatively simple procedure. Dimpling, thread exposure, alopecia, under-correction, asymmetry, and parotid gland injury also can occur as early complications of the procedure. During the procedure, threads were detected and removed. Consequently, excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia.
She was treated with combination antibiotic therapy however, the inflammation did not subside. She underwent 3 courses of acupoint embedding therapy at a Korean oriental medical clinic.
A 41-year-old woman presented to our clinic with inflamed multiple palpable masses. Although several acute or delayed complications after using nonabsorbable thread types were also reported, it is uncommon to find cellulitis caused by a delayed complication after thread-lifting. Using absorbable thread-like polydioxanone is a relatively simple procedure that is also performed by nonmedical professionals in Korea. Thread-lifting is as a minimally invasive procedure with limited scarring, rapid recovery, and fewer complications compared with the standard incisional surgery for facial rejuvenation.